Essay about The Bystander Effect - 1791 Words

‘The Bystander Effect’ Lily is thirteen years old and tall for her age. One afternoon, she confronts a suspicious looking stranger near a young girl playing in the local park. The stranger takes to his heels when Lily challenges him. Lily’s bravery is the talk of the neighbourhood. On learning of this, a student who is studying social psychology makes the comment: It’s just as well that Lily’s usual playmates were not around or that little girl might not have received any help. (Vaughan and Hogg, 2005, p.358) When it comes to helping others, studies have uncovered an apparent paradox in social psychology called the ‘bystander effect’ (Weiten 2007, p.684). The bystander effect is a theory of pro-social or helping behaviour†¦show more content†¦Garcia et al (2002, p. 843) confirms the theory that when other bystanders are present responsibility for helping is diffused or reduced, however if a lone bystander is present he or she is more likely to assume responsibility. Also described as diffusion of responsibility (Latane and Darley 1968, p. 377) these findings indicate that this act of pro-social behaviour is perhaps the largest factor in determining how a bystander will respond in an emergency situation. This further explains the social psychology student’s comment in that with no others present it becomes impossible for Lily to rely on another to be responsible for taking action in this situation. We can then conclude that when passive social influence is present as opposed to proactive social influence, a person’s sense of responsibility is decreased because they feel as if there is no problem to be concerned with or are inept to deal with it and consequently, diffusion of responsibility ensues. Personal cost and reward is also a significant factor in bystander intervention and a bystander weighing the costs of direct and indirect helping â€Å"will usually chose the action that will reduce personal distress to the lowest cost† (Piliavin et al., 1981, p. 72). In Lily’s case her bravery was rewarded and she became the talk of the neighbourhood, however another individual may haveShow MoreRelatedBystander Effect And Crises : Bystander Effects1625 Words   |  7 Pages Anthony R. Hudgens March 24, 2016 Case Study #4 Bystander Effect and Crises Bystander Effect and Crises A woman by the name of Kitty Genovese was stalked and stabbed to death in an alleyway of Queens, New York, in 1964 (Pugh Henry). It is reported that there were nearly 40 witnesses who heard her screams for help but failed to do so (Colangelo, 2014). Why is it that some individuals tend to shy away from bad situations in which help is clearly needed? Kitty’s murderer, Winston MoselyRead MoreBystander Apathy And Effect Of Bystander1084 Words   |  5 PagesBystander Apathy and Effect Bystander effect, or also known as bystander apathy, is a social psychological phenomenon that attributes to cases in which others do not help people in need while others are around. The possibility of help is contrarily connected to the amount of bystanders. Basically, the larger amount of bystanders the less likely people will help the one in need. Various variables help to explain why the bystander effect occurs. These variables include: ambiguity, cohesivenessRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect The Bystander effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential helpers there are, the less likely any individual is to help. A traditional explanation for this Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was created after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964, on the streets ofRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pages Bystander or Bodyguard: An Examination of Who Helps and Who Does Not A bystander, according to Michael Webster’s New World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remainingRead MoreEssay on Bystander Effect1079 Words   |  5 PagesBystander effect, (Darley Latane, 1970) refers to decrease in helping response when there are bystanders around relative to no bystanders. Referring to previous study stating that there are some cases of which group size may promote helping instead of hindering it (Fischer et al., 2011). Researchers then speculate the possibility of positive influences from bystanders by taking public self-awareness into consideration. Researchers proposed that high public self-awareness would reverse t he bystanderRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential bystanders there are, the less likely any individual is to help in emergency situations. A traditional explanation for the cause of the Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was named after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964,Read MoreThe Bystander Effect And Racism913 Words   |  4 Pagesthose they perceive to be similar to them, including others from their own racial or ethnic groups. We don’t like to discover that our propensity for altruism can depend on prejudice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We can connect the evidence provided to explain issues of the bystander effect and racism. For example, when people witness a situation of racism , they are probably only going to help if it is someone from the same racial group. However, if it were someone foreign to his or her group, then that would ignore the issue andRead MoreThe bystander effect Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitive example of the bystander effect, the social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help someone in distress if there are other people present. The bystander effect occurs wherever there is a situation that is ambiguous, or where a lack of action can be rationalized by a diffusion of responsibility in a large group, or where the presence of others presents a significant risk to the bystander such that he or she is afraid to provide help. The bystander effect results from peopleRead MoreThe Bystander Effect Essays1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect Psy 110 - Asynchronous The Bystander Effect If you saw someone being attacked on the street, would you help? Many of us would quickly say yes we would help because to state the opposite would say that we are evil human beings. Much research has been done on why people choose to help and why others choose not to. The bystander effect states that the more bystanders present, the less likely it is for someone to help. SometimesRead MoreHistory Of The Bystander Effect1835 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of the Bystander Effect The bystander effect is a very famous theory. It has been indited about in many Psychology Textbooks. In addition, there has been many situations that have been associated with this theory. Nevertheless, there was one story that commenced it all. This acclaimed story went viral and what some would call, legendary. This story resulted in a woman denominated as Kitty Genovese being assailed and murdered by Winston Moseley. The reason this situation became so popular

Hotel Reservation free essay sample

Fast, accurate and relevant hotel services have been a great demand in a progressive place. This is because many investors or travellers from faraway places seek to find comfort in terms of their accommodation and stay in their certain destination. Our project is carried out to develop a mobile application called Jade Hotel Mobile Reservation. The purposes of building the Jade Hotel Mobile Reservation are for guests to make online reservations and for hotel personnel to manage reservations, and content of the web application. Hassle-free as it must, the customer and at the same time the management can enjoy the chance of being free from complains when it comes to service provision, in its most accurate way. In conclusion, this mobile application is aimed to save time and money for users thus resulting in high profit to the hotel and better services to the customers. General Terms Mobile Application, Online Hotel Reservations, Smart phone, Keywords Hotels, Reservation, Rooms, Advertisement, Smart phone, Blackberry, 1. INTRODUCTION It is no wonder that booking hotel rooms can now be done in a more convenient way today. If a certain traveler is planning to visit a foreign place, it would be hard for them if he/she does not have a hotel or residence to reside in that country. Before, booking a certain hotel room required long processes such as talking to an hotelier either in person or through the phone. Just imagine the disposition of the hotelier if multiple clients came to ask questions about reservations at the same time. Through mobile hotel reservation application, hoteliers and travelers will both be benefited. Hotels have minimal need of travel agents to look for clients because information about their business establishment is readily available online. Smartphones are the new portal to the world with nearly three-quarters of travelers who own smartphones using them to research or book travel in the past year. Now is the time to capitalize on the explosive growth of smartphones with a mobile travel app. Although a little late to the party, hotels are finally jumping on the mobile app band-wagon. The development of free applications can now extend a hotels service beyond the front desk, beyond its Web site, right onto your mobile device. Since hotel guests are always on the go, whether for business or pleasure, the better access is getting ones hotel info right on their smartphone. Nowadays, some of us love to travel around the world but the first thing that comes to our mind is the availability of room accommodation of the hotel. The hotel is a lodging establishment providing meals and other services that could give satisfaction to the guest. Hotel reservations are done prior to the arrival of the guest in order to avail the room type that he had made prior arrangement. Recently, hotel establishments are offering online-booking reservation to facilitate the customers and to get the complete details of the chosen accommodation of their preference. As the technology goes wider, the internet is the key to make business transaction to the hotel of their choice. With the help of online hotel reservation system, booking arrangements are made fast and easy by the use of the customers’ credit card or online banking. 2. 1 RELATED WORKS Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of using a web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the inherent support for cross-platform compatibility. Common web applications include webmail, online retail sales, online auctions, wikis and many other functions. Mobile phones they are a portable entertainment mode, they provide cheap access to the internet while on them move and they are an independent mode of communication for youngsters. 2. 1. 1Marriott Hotels2. 1. 3Mandarin Oriental Figure 1. Homepage of Marriot Hotel Mobile Application Marriott Hotels app lets users check in to their hotel anytime after 4 pm the day before their arrival and can pick up their pre-programmed key-card at special expedited mobile check-in desks. If guests arrive before their room is ready, the app will send them an automatic notification when their room is ready. 2. 1. 2 Conrad Hotels Figure 2. Homepage of Conrad Hotel Mobile Application The Conrad Concierge app from Hilton Worldwide acts as a full-service concierge, allowing users to do things like order room service, book hotel spa treatments, choose what kinds of bath amenities they want stocked in their bathrooms and arrange airport transportation. Figure 3. Homepage of Mandarin Hotel Mobile Application Mandarin Oriental Hotels’ app MO Hotels enables users to make and modify reservations, see property details for each of its locations using an interactive 3D globe view, and view local city guides. The app also shows local deals and offers mobile concierge service for things like booking hotel spa appointments and restaurant reservations. 2. 1. 4 W Hotels Figure 4. Homepage of W Hotel Mobile Application Along with the standard features of booking and concierge services, the W Hotels app has a bunch of other cool features, including a music streaming function that features mixes by emerging global DJs curated by W Hotels global music director, Michaelangelo L’Acqua. The app also lets users order anything they’d like to a guest room, even if they aren’t a hotel guest themselves but would like to send something as a treat to a guest. There is also an image- sharing feature that lets users take photos and share them directly from the app. 2. 1. 5 The Ritz-Carlton Figure 5. Homepage of Ritz-Carlton Hotel Mobile Application The Ritz-Carlton’s mobile app provides users with concierge services like booking reservations, local city guides, and special offers and events available at the hotel during their stay. Another interesting feature of the app is that it has a built-in QR code reader that guests can use around the hotel to unlock special digital experiences related to that particular hotel location. 2. 3 KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Todays applications are increasingly mobile. Computers are no longer confined to desks and laps but instead live in our pockets and hands. This course teaches students how to build mobile apps for Android, iOS, and Blackberry. As mobile phones have become as important as our wallets and purses in everyday living, development in this area is going on in a very fast pace. Mobile devices have become a tremendous source of entertainment, communication, and information and also jobs for millions. With the proliferation of smart and android and blackberryphones people now have access to the internet and a world of information wherever they are; we are no longer limited by having to be in front of a laptop. Allow your customers to get answers to their questions from any device, free your agents from their desks, and better empower your field agents. Since mobile application development is the next wave of communication, it is very crucial for business to leverage this aspect of growth. And I suggest Android mobile application development services to develop business applications which as I foresee has a huge market to tap. 2. 4 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS CSS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. Javascript JavaScript (JS) is an interpreted computer programming language. As part of web browsers, implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed. [5] It has also become common in server-side programming, game development and the creation of desktop applications. PHP PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. JQuery Mobile jQuery Mobile is a touch-optimized web framework currently being developed by the jQuery project team. The development focuses on creating a framework compatible with a wide variety of smartphones and tablet computers, made necessary by the growing but heterogeneous tablet and smartphone market. WAMP WampServer is a Windows web development environment. It allows you to create web applications with Apache2, PHP and a MySQL database. Alongside, PhpMyAdmin allows you to manage easily your databases. Notepad++ Notepad++ is a text editor and source code editor for Windows. It aims to be a lightweight and robust editor for a variety of programming and scripting languages. HTML5 HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web and a core technology of the Internet. It is also an attempt to define a single markup language that can be written in either HTML or XHTML syntax. It includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves and rationalizes the markup available for documents, and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications. HTML5 is also a potential candidate for cross-platform mobile applications. Blackberry10 SDK The BlackBerry 10 WebWorks SDK offers support for developing applications for the BlackBerry 10 OS. 2. 5 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The hardware requirement for this application is the newest Blackberry z10. The BlackBerry Z10 is a 4G touchscreen-based smartphone developed by BlackBerry, previously known as RIM. The BlackBerry Z10 is the first of two new BlackBerry phones presented at the BlackBerry 10 event. Choosing a BlackBerry Z10 doesn’t look as harebrained as before. The main bane of starting a new operating system has always been attracting enough developers to produce quality apps for the new platform. BlackBerry 10 being Linux-based like Android, apps native to Google’s lovechild can be side loaded to run on BlackBerry 10 devices like the PlayBook and the Z10. The BlackBerry Z10 uses the new BlackBerry 10 mobile operating system. The user interface of BB 10 is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the BB10 operating system and its multi-touch interface. BlackBerry World (previously BlackBerry App World) is an application distribution service and application by BlackBerry Ltd, for a majority of BlackBerry devices. The service provides BlackBerry users with an environment to browse, download, and update third-party applications. It is where we uploaded our mobile application. In the second semester this application can be implemented for Android Smartphones, OS like Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich. 2. PROJECT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT The homepage of the mobile application can be seen at Figure 6. It has the photos and information’s about Jade Hotel. As you can see there is a Home button on the left side, as you click on this button it will pop up the Gallery, Location, Room and Rates, Reservation, and the Feedback. On Figure 7. This is the Gallery in which the user could see different images/photos of the facilities that can be seen inside and outside of the Jade hotel. Next feature of this application is the Location that can be seen at Figure 8. The location consist of a map in which it automatically detect where the user is and as you click on the Get Directions button it will give a path on how to go to our target destination #45 Magsaysay drive, 2200 Olongapo City, Philippines which Jade Hotel is located. On Figure 9. The Room and Rates this shows general information about the Types of the Room, Prices and Photos of each Rooms. Then the main ingredient of our application is the Reservation that can be seen at Figure 10. Reserving a Room has a four process. First, the user need to choose or pick the date of the Arrival and Departure Time, as the user pick the Date the user need to tap the Check Availability the it will show the different types of room. Person per room, Rate for 1 night and then the user need to choose or select a room(s). After that the user need to tap the button Book Now. Second, is the Reservation Details. This is where the users fill up necessary information’s about them such as First Name, Last Name, Email Address, etc. Third, the Summary. This is where you can see the Summary Details about the user and It will indicate Type of Payment it’s either the Credit Card or PayPal. Lastly, the Fourth Step the Confirmation. It will show the detail of the user and the detail about the payment. Another Function of this application is the Feedback that can be seen at Figure 11. All the need to do is to input their name and their message or feedback about the application. Figure 6. Home Page of the Application Figure 7. Gallery Figure 8. Location Figure 9. Room and Rates Figure 10. Reservation Page Figure 11. Feedback 3. CONCLUSION Based on the research and literature reviewed for this study, it is clear that the rising trend of mobile and smartphone technologies have impacted the relationship between hotel brands and consumers. Evidence shows that the drivers of mobile technology can help fortify customer relationships, thus rejecting the first question posed that mobile technology has made it more challenging for hotel brands to connect with their consumers. This study also captured the influencers that affect consumers adoption of mobile technology. It appears that the unique nature of mobile technology can increase consumer usage. As usage increases, businesses now have the opportunity to establish and strengthen relationships with their customers through this medium. This supports the answer to the second question posed: hotel bands that adopt mobile technology are able to form a much closer relationship with their consumers than hotel brands that have not adopted mobile technology. 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, we would like to thank to our College Dean for this project, Ms. Erlinda Casela-Abarintos for the valuable guidance, support and advice. Also our Project Adviser, Ms. Mayer Zablan Sanchez she inspired us greatly to work in this project. Her willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to our project. Finally, an honorable mention goes to Almighty and to our families and friends for their understandings, constant encouragement and supports on us in completing this project. Without helps of the particular that mentioned above, we would face many difficulties while doing this.